Aphanizomenon flos aquae (AFA) is very high in chlorophyll. Cancer research has shown chlorophyll to be a very powerful therapeutic for cancer, chemo-prevention and chemo-therapeutics. Klamath Blue Green Algae, (AFA) is a cyanobacteria that contains approximately 600mg/100g of chlorophyll.  The chlorophyll in AFA is free in the cytoplasm, not bound to the chloroplast, making Klamath Blue Green Algae high in chlorophyll that is readily available to metabolize.

The change of a cell from a normal to cancerous cell can be caused by a simple point mutation in the DNA sequence.  Each of the 3-billion nucleotide combinations in the human genome can experience mutation.  The types of mutations (frameshifts, translocations, inversions, deletions or insertional activations) and the location of mutations in the chromosomes have been determined to be key in the onset and progression of cancer.

Research has identified 98 genes that are oncogenes, cancer genes or tumor suppressor genes. When mutations of these 98 genes occur, the stage is set for the onset of cancer to begin. For example, the OMIM database sponsored by the NIH (P53, record #19170) registers 120 research articles that discuss the P53 gene and its role in an array of human cancers.  Research is now being done on the ability of chlorophyll to play a key role in the cell's ability to repair this damage (18, and currently unpublished work). The ability of chlorophyll to conduct gene splicing on DNA molecules with wrong gene sequencing is being discovered.  The research implies that chlorophyll may reduce the error formation in DNA, utilizing an error-prone repair system on damaged DNA.



Many contributing factors create different cellular mutations that have caused cancer.  Tumor initiation, promotion and enhancement are responsible for increased expression of cancer and can be caused or enabled by:

*  Genetic predisposition and gender

*  Dietary and environmental exposures to carcinogens

*  Genetic alterations from overexposure to certain frequencies in the electro magnetic spectrum (radioactive exposure, x-rays, gamma rays or ultraviolet light).

*  Attacks on the genetic structure by viruses (like Epstein-Barr)

 

Chlorophyll can assist with the effects of dietary and environmental exposure to carcinogens.  Research indicates that chlorophyll reduces carcinogen binding to DNA in the target organ by inhibition of carcinogen activation enzyme or degradation of ultimate carcinogens with the target cells (2,3,5,17).  Inhibiting the activity of the enzyme that attack the DNA sequence, significantly reduces the incidence of mutagenicity and reduces the onset of cancer.  This research shows noncompetitive inhibition of carcinogenic enzymes by chlorophyll.  Dietary inhibitors of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis are of interest because they may be used for human cancer prevention and treatment.  Chlorophyll has demonstrated to be a carcinorgenesis inhibitor in the gut (2,3,5). There is research that shows there is sufficient systemic chlorophyll distribution for these inhibitory mechanisms to be operative beyond the gut and in the whole animal.  This study analyzed chemoprotection in benzo(a)pyrene-initiated mouse skin tumorigenesis (11).  Oral administration of chlorophyll has been studied for the last 50 years.  All of the research conducted by Dr. Bailey at OSU point to the necessity of high levels of oral ingestion of chlorophyll for the chemo-therapeutic effects of chlorophyll to be effective (2,3,5).  A.F.A., Inc. believes that by increasing the purity of the oral therapeutic by the order of 3X by utilizing pure chlorophyll, the required dosage needed to be effective will be reduced.

Another important property of chlorophyll is its potential to reduce metastasis.  Chlorophyll has been shown to take an active part in controlling the enzymes that are involved in mitosis.  By controlling this rapid cell division chemically, the rapid onset of tumors can be reduced significantly, potentially giving the cell the ability to repair itself (8,10,13,14). In addition to being locally efficacious, this reduces the chances of tumor cells being transferred to other parts of the body.

For many years cancer patients have resisted conventional chemotherapy and have experienced successful remissions of various cancers by ingesting large amounts of freshly juiced wheat grass and or algae.  It is our belief that the chlorophyll is being metabolized stopping tumor growth and assisting in cellular repair of the DNA, in these self-treatment regimes.  We have many testimonials of people who have utilized Klamath Blue Green Algae in this self-treatment regime.

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A.F.A., Inc. and Power Organics surpass all Upper Klamath Lake Harvesters in methods that retain high chlorophyll. Chlorophyll breaks down very easily.  Isomers, esters and phorbibes are created due to changes in pH, light and temperature. A.F.A., Inc. quality control has been aware of these changes and has pioneered in a harvesting methodology that eliminates these breakdown products. We are the only Upper Klamath Lake Harvester with on board refrigeration to ensure this high quality product.  Our three-stage refrigeration system utilized in harvesting the algae provides assurances of the chlorophyll quality:

1.      * Algae is pumped out of Klamath Lake into a double insulated refrigerated tank on the harvester awaiting transport to the shore.

2.      * Algae is pumped into a double insulated refrigeration tank on the shore waiting filtering and dewatering.

3.      * Algae is immediately frozen in a blast freezer after filtering and dewatering.

* No other Upper Klamath Lake Harvester has any of the above three systems.

*A.F.A., Inc. and Power Organics go to the necessary steps to provide a powerful and healthy product.*

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References:

1.      Baxter, J.H., Absorption of chlorophyll phytol in normal men and in patients with Refsum's disearse, J. Lipid Res, 9, 636-641

2.      Breinholt,V., Hendricks, J., Pereira, C, Arbogast, D.,and Bailey, G., 1995, Dietary Chlorophyllin is a Potent inhibitor of Aflatoxin B Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout, J. Cancer Research, 55, 57-62

3.      Breinholt, V., Schimerlik, M., Dashwood, R., and Bailey, G., 1995, Mechanisms of Chlorophyllin Anticarcinogenesis against Aflatoxin B: Complex Formation with the Carcinogen, Chem. Res. Toxicol., Vol. 8, No 4

4.      Dashwood, R.H., 1992, Protection by chlorophyllin against the covalent binding of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo {4,5-f}quinoline (IQ) to rat liver DNA, Carcinogenesis, 13, 112-118

5.      Dashwood, R.H., Breinholt, V., and Bailey, G.S., 1991, Chemopreventative properties of chlorophyllin: inhibition of aflatoxin-B- DNA binding in vivo and antimutagenic activity against AFB and two heterocyclic amines in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, Carcinogenesis, 12, 939-942

6.      Ghosh, A., Sen, S., Sharma, A., and Talukder, G., 1991, Inhibitions of clastogenic effects of cesium chloride in mice in vivo by chloropyllin, Toxicol. Lett., 57, 17-Nov

7.      Ghosh, A., Sen.,S., Sharma, A. and Takukder, G., 1991, Effect of chlorophyllin mercury chloride induced clastogenicity in mice, Food Chem. Toxicol., 29, 777-779

8.      Imai, K., Aimoto, T., Sato, M., Watanabe, K., Kimura, R., and Murato, T., 1986, Effects of soduim metallochlorophyllins on the activity and components of the microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rat liver, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 34, 4287-4293

9.      Lahitova, M., Doupovcova, J., Zvonar, J., Chandoga, J., and Hogman, G., 1994, Antimutagenic Properties of Fresh-Water Blue-Green  Algae, Follia Microbiol., 39(4), 301-303

10.     Oda, T., Yokono, O., Yosida, A., Miyake, K. and Iino, S., 1971, On the successful treatment of pancreatitis, Gastroenterol, Japan, 6, 49-54

11.     Park, K.K., Surh, Y-J., Stewart, B.C., and Miller, J.A., 1994, Chemoprotective activities of chlorophyllin: Inhibition of mutagenicity and covalent binding of various ultimate carcinogens, Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res., 35, 139

12.     Robbins, E.W., and Nelson, R.L., 1989, Inhibition of 1,2 dimethylhydrazine-induced nuclear damage in rat colonic epithelium by chlorophyllin, Anticancer Res., 9, 981-986

13.     Sato, M., Konagai, K., Kuwana, T., Kimura, R., and Murata, T., 1984, Effects of sodium copper chlorophyllin on lipid peroxidation VII.  Effects of its administration on the stability of rat liver lysosomes., Chem. Pharm. Bull, 32, 2855-2858

14.     Sato, M., Imai, K., Kimura, R., and Murata, T., 1984, Effect of sodium copper chlorophyllin on lipid peroxidation.  VI  Effects of it's administration on mitochondrial and microsomal lipid peroxidation in rat liver, Chem. Pharm. Bull., 32, 712-722

15.     Schwartz, J., Shklar, G., Reid, S. and Trickler, D., 1988, Preventionof Experimental Oral cancer by Extracts of Spriulina-Dunaliella Algae, Nutrition and Cancer, 127-134

16.     Shklar, G. and Schwartz, J., 1988, Tumor Necrosis Factor in Experimental Cancer Regression with Alphatocopherol, Beta- Carotene, Canthaxanthin and Algae Extract, J. Cancer Clinical Oncol, 24 (5), 839-850

17.     Tachino, N., Guo, D., Dashwood, W.M. Yamane, S., Larsen, R., and Dashwood, R.H., 1994, Mechanisms in the in vitro antimutagenic action of chlorophyllin against benzo{a}pyrene:  Studies of enzyme inhibition, molecular complex formation and degradation of the utlimate carcinogen, Mutat. Res., 308, 191-302

18.     Whong, W., Stewart, J., Brockman, H.E., and Ong T., 1988, Comparative antimutagenicity of chlorophyllin and five other agents against aflatoxin B induce reversion in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, Teratog., Carcinog. Mutagen, 8, 215-224

19.     Wu, A.L., Chen, J.F., Ong.T., Brockman, H.E. and Whong, W.A., 1994, Antitransforming activity of chlorophyllin against selected carcinogens and complex mixtures, Teratog., Carcinog. Mutagen, 14, 75-81

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